EN545 Standard: Zvisungo, Mapendi & Zvisimbiso

EN545ndiyo chiyero chakakosha cheEurope che "mapaipi esimbi ane ductile, fittings, accessories, uye majoini ekupa mvura." Ichi chinoita kuti masisitimu ekugovera mvura yekunwa agare akachengeteka, akavimbika, uye agare kwenguva refu. Kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwechiyero ichi kwakakosha kune nyanzvi dzinoshanda mukugadzira mvura nekugadzira madhiraini, dhizaini yemapaipi, kutenga, uye manejimendi emhando yepamusoro. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvakanyanya pane zvakakosha.

1. Zvinoreva Magiredhi Ekushanda Kwechisungo
Muchiyero cheEN545, zvisungo zvakaita semabhaudhi nenzungu zvinoshandiswa mumapaipi zvinoonekwa zvakajeka nemagiredhi azvo ekushanda, akadai semagiredhi akajairika e4.6 ne8.8. Iyi giredhi rekodhi inotsanangura hunhu hwemakanika echisungo.
Nhamba yekutanga (semuenzaniso, "4″ mu4.6) inomiririra 1/100 yesimba rekudhonza. Saka, "4″ inoratidza kuti simba rekudhonza remuchina wekubatanidza i4 x 100 = 400 MPa.
Nhamba yechipiri (semuenzaniso, "6″ mu4.6) inomiririra chiyero chekukohwa, chinova kagumi pane chiyero chesimba rekukohwa kune simba rekudhonza. Saka, "6″ inoratidza kuti simba rekukohwa rinenge 60% yesimba rekudhonza.
Semuenzaniso (giredhi 4.6):simba rekudhonza rezita = 4×100=400MPa |Simba rekuburitsa ≈ simba rekudhonza x (6/10) = 400MPa x0.6= 240MPa
Izvi zvinoreva kuti bhaudhi regiredhi 4.6 rinogona kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kweinenge 240MPa pasina kuchinja zvachose (kuchinjika) uye pakupedzisira kutyoka nekumanikidzwa kweinenge 400MPa.

2. Kurapa Kwepamusoro peFastener
Kudzivirira ngura uye kuona kuti zvinobatika kwenguva refu uye zvinovimbika, EN545 ine zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekugadzirisa pamusoro pechisungo. Nzira dzakajairika dzinosanganisira galvanizing uye Dacromet coating.
a)Kugadzira simbi inonzi Galvanizing inzira yekuisa zinc coating pamusoro pesimbi kuti ipe dziviriro ye cathodic kubva mukuora. Kune mhando mbiri huru dzekurapa.

Kugadzira magabha emagetsi:

•  Maitiro: Mu electrolyte, magetsi anopfuudzwa nepamusoro pechinhu chebasa, zvichiita kuti zinc ions igare pamusoro pechinhu chebasa, zvichiita kuti pave nejira.
• Zvakanakira: Kupfeka kwacho kwakatetepa uye kwakafanana, kune chitarisiko chakapfava uye chinopenya, asi nguva yekudzivirira ngura ipfupi.
• Mashandisirwo: Inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemukati kana kuti pazvikamu zvidiki uko chitarisiko chakakosha uye ngura isina kuomarara.

Kupisa-kunyika:

• Maitiro: Chishandiso chinonyudzwa mu zinc yakanyungudutswa, zvichiita kuti chifukidziro che zinc-iron chive pamusoro.
• Zvakanakira: Kuputira uku kwakakora uye hakuna kuenzana, kune maburi pamusoro, kunonamira kwakasimba, uye kudzivirira ngura kwakanyanya kupfuura electrogalvanizing. Mashandisirwo: EN545 inowanzoda galvanizing yemabhaudhi eflange anopisa kuti agone kutsungirira ngura kwenguva refu, yakaoma munzvimbo dziri pasi pevhu kana dzine hunyoro.

b) Dacromet

• Maitiro: Tekinoroji yekurapa chromate isina electroless zinc inosanganisira kunyudza kana kupfapfaidza mvura ine zinc flakes, aluminium flakes, uye chromate, zvichiteverwa nekupisa kwakanyanya kuti pave nefirimu rekudzivirira rine mativi akawanda.
• Zvinhu Zvakanakira: Hapana matambudziko ehydrogen embrittlement, inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya (kunyanya makemikari uye ngura pakupisa kwakanyanya), uye ine coating yakafanana. Zvisinei, kuomarara kwenzvimbo yacho kunoita kuti isakodzere kukweshana kwenzvimbo.
• Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pazvisungo zvine simba guru zvinoda dziviriro yakanyanya yengura uye kudzivirira njodzi yekupwanyika kwehydrogen. Ndiyo imwe nzira yakanaka pane kushandisa galvanizing inopisa.

3. Mhando mbiri dzeFlange Gaskets
Masisitimu emapaipi eEN545 anonyanya kushandisa mhando mbiri dzezvinhu zvekuvhara, zvakakodzera magadzirirwo akasiyana emajoini.

• Magasket:Inoshandiswa pakubatanidza flange yakaoma. Inowanzoiswa pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzeflange, inochinja chimiro nekusimbisa mabhaudhi zvakaenzana, ichizadza chero kusarongeka kudiki diki pamusoro peflange uye ichivhara.

• Mhete yeT (Mhete yeRabha):Inoshandiswa mumajoini anochinjika ekusundidzira kana emakanika (akadai semajoini emhando yeK neT). Irin'i yerabha inovhara ine chikamu chakakosha cheT-shaped.

4. Zvinoreva uye Hukama hwePressure Grades PMA, PFA, uye PEA
Muyero weEN545 unotsanangura magiredhi matatu akakosha ekumanikidzwa kutsanangura zvakakwana kugona kwepombi yekutakura kumanikidzwa:

• PFA (Kumanikidzwa Kunoshanda Kunobvumidzwa):Izvi zvinoreva kumanikidzwa kwemukati uko pombi inogona kushanda zvakachengeteka nguva dzose pakupisa kwayo kwepamusoro kwenguva refu.
• PEA (Kuedza Kumanikidzwa Kwebasa):Izvi zvinoreva kumanikidzwa kwekuyedza kunoiswa papombi yega yega panguva yekuongorora mhando pafekitori isati yatumirwa. Kumanikidzwa uku kunoratidza kusimba uye kuvimbika kwechisimbiso chepombi painotumirwa.

Hukama: PEA = 1.2 * PFA + 5 bar. Fomura iyi inoita kuti kumanikidzwa kwekuyedza kwefekitori kwakakwira kupfuura kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunobvumirwa, zvichipa mukana wakakwana wekuchengetedza kusimbisa mhando yechigadzirwa.

• PMA (Kumanikidzwa Kukuru Kunobvumidzwa):Izvi zvinoreva kumanikidzwa kwemukati kwenguva pfupi, kwenguva pfupi uko pombi inogona kutsungirira zvakachengeteka pakupisa kwemumba (25°C). Kunomiririra muganho wekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro-soro uko pombi inogona kutsungirira.

Hukama: PMA = 1.2 * PFA. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunobvumidzwa (PMA) kwakakwira ne20% kupfuura kumanikidzwa kunoramba kuchiitwa (PFA).

EN545 mapaipi, Ring yeRabha, gasket, mapaipi esimbi ane ductile uye zvinosungirirwa, Kugadzira magasi emagetsi, Kuisa magasi ekupisa, kupa mvura, kudhonza mvura,