Muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura, takaongorora pfungwa huru, hunhu hwezvinhu, uye mabhenefiti makuru eEN545 standard ductile iron pombi muindasitiri yemvura. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvakanyanya uye zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi, kusanganisira kudzora ovality mukugadzirwa, sisitimu yekupatsanura zvigadzirwa, nzira dzekugadzirisa weld dzezvikanganiso, uye mhando dzakakosha dzekubatanidza majoini epombi. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakugadzira mainjiniya, kusarudza kutenga, kuvaka nekuisa, uye kudzora mhando.
I. Kuverenga uye Kuyera Ductile Iron Pipe Ovality
Kutenderera kwepaipi chinhu chakakosha chinoyera kutsauka kubva pakutenderera kwepombi. Kutenderera kwakanyanya kwepaipi kunogona kukonzera kusavhara zvakanaka kweringi yerabha, kunyanya kumapaipi ane majoini espigot-and-socket, uye zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura.
Tsanangudzo:Kuonda (ovality) musiyano uripo pakati pedhayamita yepamusoro yekunze nedhayamita shoma yekunze yechikamu chepombi. EN545 standard inotsanangura miganhu chaiyo yeovality.
Fomura Yekuverenga:Kukora = Dzvakanyanya– Dminiti
Nzira yekuyera:Specialized Ruler isimbi yakaganhurirwa, inochinjika ine denderedzwa rakanyatsorongwa. Kuti uedze, putira Ruler uchitenderedza pombi. Musiyano uripo pakati pezviratidzo zvechikero paruler unoverengwa kuti uverenge dhayamita yechikamu chakachinjika. Nekutenderedza mugumo wepombi nemakona akasiyana-siyana, Dzvakanyanyauye Dminitizvinogona kutsanangurwa.
Zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi: Mutemo weEN545 unoda kuti ovality ive mukati mehuwandu hunobvumirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti socket nespigot zviri pakati pe socket ne spigot zviri pakati. Kazhinji, ovality inofanira kudzorwa zviri mukati me 100 mm kubva kumagumo epombi.
II. Maitiro ekupatsanura K/C/PN/DN eMapaipi esimbi eDuctile
DN:Izvi zvinomiririra saizi yepombi yesimbi yakakandwa yakajairika. Iine chiyero chakatenderera, chinowanzo ratidzwa mu mm. Haienderane nedhayamita chaiyo yemukati kana yekunze; ingori zita rinoshandiswa pakuziva, senge DN100, DN500, DN1000, nezvimwewo.
PN:Izvi zvinomiririra kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kunobvumirwa kushanda uko pombi nezvishandiso zvinogona kutsungirira pakupisa kwemvura kwe20°C. Chigadziko ichi ndechebar kana MPa. Magiredhi ePN akajairika muEN545 standard ndeaya:
- PN10: Kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunobvumidzwa 10 bar (1.0 MPa)
- PN16: Kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunobvumidzwa 16 bar (1.6 MPa)
- PN25: Kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunobvumidzwa 25 bar (2.5 MPa)
- PN40: Kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunobvumidzwa 40 bar (4.0 MPa)
Pakusarudza pombi, kukosha kwePN kunofanirwa kunge kuri kukuru kupfuura kana kuenzana nekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro-soro kwekushanda kwakagadzirwa nesystem.
Kirasi K - Giredhi reKuoma:Chiyero ichi chinoratidza kugona kwepombi kuramba kuchinjika kubva muvhu rekunze uye mitoro yekufambisa, kureva, kuomarara kwemadziro epombi. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa ne radial SN yemadziro epombi, inoburitswa mu N/m².
- K9: Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, ine kuomarara kwakajairika, ine kuomarara kushoma kwe10,000 N/m² (SN 10000), yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakawanda kwakavigwa.
- K8/K7, nezvimwewo: Magiredhi aya anopa kuomarara kwakaderera pane K9 uye anoshandiswa mukushandiswa kwemidziyo ine mutoro wakaderera. Hazviwanzoitiki. K10 zvichikwira: Kuomarara kwakakwirira kupfuura K9, kwakakodzera kuchengetedzwa kwakadzika zvakanyanya kana mamiriro ekutakura mutoro wakanyanya.
Kirasi C - Rudzi rwekuputira:Inoratidza rudzi rwechifukidziro chekudzivirira ngura chinoshandiswa kunze kwepombi, chakasarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze anoparadza ivhu.
- C25: Kuputira kwakajairika. Kazhinji kacho ipurazi rine zinc yakawanda ine magumo easphalt. Yakakodzera ivhu rakajairika.
- C40: Kupfeka kwakawedzerwa. Kukora kupfuura kupfeka kwakajairwa, kana kushandisa machira anoshanda zvakanyanya akadai se epoxy resin. Yakakodzera ivhu rine ngura yakawanda, madhamu, kana nzvimbo dzine acidic.
- C30/C35 nedzimwe mhando dzemagiredhi epakati ndiwo magiredhi epakati.
Muenzaniso mukuru: Pombi yesimbi ine ductile yakanyorwaDN500 × PN40 × K9 × C40inoratidza dhayamita yepakati ye500 mm, kumanikidzwa kwepakati kwe40 bar, kuomarara kwakajairika, uye chifukidziro chekunze chinodzivirira ngura chakawedzerwa.
III. Nzira dzekugadzirisa mapaipi esimbi akagadzirwa nesimbi—Welding
Nekuda kwehunhu hwakasiyana hwemapaipi eDI, kugadzirisa kwewelding kunoda kunyatsotevedzera maitiro. Kugadzirisa uku kunowanzo gadziriswa chete nekukanganisa kwekukanda kana kukuvara kudiki kunoitika panguva yekufambisa uye kunofanirwa kuitwa nevashandi vane hunyanzvi.
Zvinogoneka: Kuwedera kunogoneka, asi zvinodiwa pakuita basa iri zvakanyanya, kusiyana nesimbi yakajairwa yekabhoni.
Dambudziko Guru: Graphite iri musimbi ine ductile inowanikwa muchimiro chedenderedzwa. Panguva yekusanganisa, kabhoni iri munzvimbo ine kupisa (HAZ) inokurudzira kuumbwa kwesimbi ine cementite yakasimba, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yacho ive yakaoma uye inogona kutsemuka.
IV. Mhando dzeDuctile Iron Pipe Joints
Joint Inochinjika –Rudzi rwakajairika.
- Kuiswa: Sundidzira mugumo wespigot musoketi. Chisimbiso chinovhara nekuda kwekusimba kwacho. Mwero wakati wekutsauka (kazhinji 3-5°) uye kusuduruka kweaxial zvinotenderwa kugamuchira kugadzika kwenheyo uye kuwedzera kwekupisa uye kudzika.
- Zvakanakira: Kuiswa nekukurumidza, kuchinjika kwakanaka, uye kuvharwa kwakavimbika.
Majoini eMechanical
- Jointi Yakaputirwa: Flange yakajairika inosungirirwa kumucheto wepombi uye inosungirirwa kune imwe flange kuburikidza nemabhoti. Yakakodzera kushandiswa kunoda kupatsanurwa kakawanda kana kubatanidzwa kumavharuvhu, mapombi, nezvimwe zvishandiso. Inopa kuomarara kwakanyanya uye haina kuchinjika.
- Kubatanidza/Kubatanidza Maoko –Ichi chinhu chakasiyana chakabatanidzwa nechisimbiso cherabha chemukati.
- Inoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu zviviri zvemapaipi nemagumo akatsetseka kana kugadzirisa mapaipi akakuvara. Panguva yekuisa, chinosungirirwa chinoiswa panosangana mapaipi maviri, uye mabhaudhi ari kumativi ese anosimbiswa kuti adzvanye rin'i yekuvhara uye chisimbiso. Izvi zvinobvumirawo kuti pave nekutsauka nekuwedzera.
Adapter Inochinjika –Iyi ijoini yakakosha yekuwedzera rabha, inowanzo kuve neflanges kumativi ese ari maviri.
- Inonyanya kushandiswa kubatanidza mapaipi emhando dzakasiyana (senge ductile iron nePVC) uye zvirevo, kana mukushandiswa kunoda muripo mukuru wekutamiswa kwemvura uye damping, senge pazviteshi zvechitima kana zvemugwagwa mukuru kana panzvimbo dzinobuda pombi kuderedza mvura.
Kupwanya Joint –Chinobatanidza flange chakanyatsogadzirwa uye chakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi chinowanzova nemaflange maviri, nipple pfupi yepombi, gland, rin'i yerabha, uye mabhaudhi marefu.
- Basa Guru: Rinogadzirisa kureba kwekuisa uye rinoita kuti zvive nyore kubvisa. Dhizaini yebhoti refu inobvumira kuti joini ivhurwe zvakakwana mushure mekusunungura nati, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutsiva gasket revharuvhu kana kugadzirisa sisitimu pasina kufamba zvakanyanya kwepombi.
- Mashandisirwo: Inowanzoiswa kumativi ese emavharuvhu uye panzvimbo dzinopinda michina uye dzinoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva.
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Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-19-2025
