Chii chinonzi European Standard yeDI Pombi?

European Standard EN545 neEN598 dzinotonga saizi neukobvu hwemapaipi esimbi ane ductile yekushandiswa kwemvura nemvura yakasviba, zvichiteerana:

• Dhayamita: EN standards dzinofukidza huwandu hwakasiyana hwedhayamita dzinozivikanwa, kubva kuDN80 kusvika kuDN1600.
• Ukobvu hwemadziro: Kusiyanamitemo yeAWWA, zviyero zveEN zvinopa ukobvu hwemadziro hwakasiyana hwedhayamita yega yega uye kirasi yepombi. Ukobvu hwemadziro hunotsanangurwa zvichibva padhayamita yepombi uye chimiro chekirasi yayo, izvo zvinoenderana nekumanikidzwa kwakagadzirwa kwepombi uye nzvimbo yekushandisa.
• Kusarudzwa kweKirasi: EN 545 neEN 598 zvinoronga mapaipi zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kwawo kunobvumirwa uye nzvimbo dzekushandisa. (semuenzaniso, C40 yemabhawa makumi mana).

Zvese zvinodiwa zveAmerica neEurope zvinovimbisa kuti maDIP akakodzera mashandisirwo azvo, zvichipa gwara rakakosha kune vagadziri nemainjiniya mukugadzira nekusarudza masisitimu emapaipi. Zvakakosha kutarisa zvinyorwa zvitsva zvezviyero izvi, sezvo zvichangobva kugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa zvinogona kukanganisa zvirevo. Pamusoro pezvo, sarudzo pakati pemitemo yeAmerica neEurope inowanzoenderana nezvinodiwa nedunhu, zvirevo zvepurojekiti, uye zvinodiwa nemutemo wemunharaunda.

K7, K9 MAKURASI (EN 545)

Mazita eK7, K9, nezvimwewo anoreva mapoka akasiyana emapaipi esimbi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nehukuru hwemadziro awo uye nekudaro simba rawo uye kugona kwawo kubata kumanikidzwa. Sisitimu iyi yekupatsanura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumitemo yepasi rose, kusanganisira ISO2531 na EN 545, izvo zvinowanzo shandiswa pakushandisa mvura uye tsvina. Makirasi aya chikamu chehurongwa hwakajairika hunoshandiswa kupatsanura mapaipi esimbi ane ductile zvichienderana neukobvu hwemadziro awo, izvo zvinoenderana zvakananga nekukwanisa kwepaipi kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwemukati.

Makirasi eK

• Nhamba yeKirasi yeK: Kukosha kwe "K" muzvikamu izvi kunoratidza kirasi yepombi, nhamba inotevera "K" ichimiririra chiyero chakati chine chekuita nehukobvu hwemadziro. Chaizvoizvo, nhamba ye "K" yakakwira, ndiko kukobvu kwemadziro epombi uye, nekudaro, kugona kwayo kubata kumanikidzwa kwakakwira.
• Kugona Kudzvanyirira: Kunyange hazvo kirasi ye "K" isingatsanangure zvakananga chiyero chekudzvanyirira mumabhawa kana psi, zvinoreva kusimba kwepombi nekuda kwekukora kwemadziro. Semuenzaniso, mapaipi eK9 akakora uye akasimba kupfuura mapaipi eK7, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa pakudzvanyirira kwepamusoro.
• Kuverenga: Ukobvu hwemadziro ekirasi ye "K" hunogona kuverengwa zvichibva padhayamita yemukati mepombi uye kukosha kwayo kwe "K", uchishandisa mafomula akapihwa mumazinga e ls0 2531 ne EN 545. Kuverenga uku kunovimbisa kuti mapaipi ane simba rakakwana rekubata kumanikidzwa kwemukati kunotarisirwa pamwe nemuganhu wekuchengetedza.

Makirasi Akajairika Uye Mashandisirwo

• K7: Inoshandiswa kazhinji mukushandiswa uko kudzvanywa kwakaderera kunotarisirwa kana uko mamiriro epasi akagadzikana uye ariponjodzi shoma kune pombi.
• K9: Iyi ndiyo kirasi yakajairika yekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nzira dzemvura dzemakanzuru nedzekugovera. Inopa musanganiswa wakaenzana wesimba uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari.
• K10 neKumusoro: "makirasi aya anosarudzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anowanzo shandiswa kana paine pressure hondlina yakakura, senge munzvimbo dzine mota dzakawanda pamusoro kana pasi risina kugadzikana."

Maitiro Ekusarudza

• Kusarudza kirasi yakakodzera ye "K" yemapombi esimbi ane ductile kunosanganisira kufunga nezvekumanikidzwa kwekushanda, rudzi rwemvura iri kutakurwa, kudzika kwepombi, mamiriro evhu, uye mutoro wekunze, Mainjiniya anotarisawo kuchengetedzeka, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kutevedzera mitemo yemuno neyepasi rose pakusarudza kirasi yepombi.
• Sisitimu yekupatsanura "k" inopa nzira yakajairika yekutsanangura ukobvu hwemadziro, uye, nekuwedzera, simba uye kugona kwekumanikidza kwemadziro. Nekusarudza kirasi yakakodzera "k", mainjiniya vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti masisitimu emapaipi akagadzirwa zvakakwana kuti asvike pazvinodiwa zvemashandisirwo avo, achibatanidza kugara kwenguva refu nekushandisa mari zvakanaka.

Musiyano Pakati peC-Class neK-Class muEN545
Kurongwa kwemapombi esimbi ane ductile uchishandisa kukosha kwe "C" ne "K", senge C30, C40, K7, neK9, kunoreva zviyero zvakasiyana zvekutsanangura simba, ukobvu, uye kugona kwekumanikidza kwepombi, kunyanya mukati mehurongwa hweEN545, inova chiyero cheEurope chemapombi esimbi ane ductile, ductile iron pipe fittings, accessories, uye RJ joints, push on joints yemapombi emvura.

Sisitimu yekupatsanura ye "c" inotsanangura kirasi yekumanikidzwa kwepaipi. Nhamba inotevera "C" inomiririra kumanikidzwa kwepaipi mumatanda anogona kutsungirira. Semuenzaniso:

Sisitimu iyi ine chekuita zvakananga nekukwanisa kwepombi kumira mukati mekumanikidzwa, uye chiratidzo chakananga chepfungwa yekumanikidzwa kwepombi. Nhamba yakakura, kumanikidzwa kunogona kubatwa nepombi, kupatsanurwa uku kunonyanya kuenderana nekumanikidzwa kuri kushanda mukati memapombi.

Kurongwa kwe "K", kune rumwe rutivi, kwakabatana nehukobvu hwemadziro epombi uye zvisina kunanga nekukwanisa kwayo kumanikidzwa. "K value i coefficient inoshandiswa mufomura inosarudza ukobvu hwemadziro epombi zvichibva padhayamita yayo. Fomura iyi inofunga nezvekumanikidzwa kwemukati, dhayamita yepombi, uye kukosha kwe "K" kuti iverenge ukobvu hwemadziro hunodiwa pamamiriro ekuisa akajairwa. Semuenzaniso:

1. K7: Kirasi chaiyo ye "K" inoratidza chiyero chakati cheukobvu hwemadziro, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi
2. K9: Kazhinji kirasi yakajairika yekushandiswa kwakawanda, ichipa rusvingo rwakakora uye, nekudaro, inokwanisa kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kwemukati uye mitoro yekunze zvichienzaniswa neK9.

Kusiyana Kwakakosha uye Mashandisirwo

• Kuratidza kumanikidzwa kwakananga kana kusina kunanga: Kurongwa kwe "C" kunoratidza zvakananga chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwepombi mumatanda zvichiita kuti ive yakatwasuka kuti ione kukodzera kwepombi mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekumanikidzwa. Kurongwa kwe "K" kunoratidza zvisina kunanga kugona kwekumanikidzwa nekutarisa ukobvu hwemadziro, izvo zvinoenderana nekukwanisa kwepombi kubata zvese kumanikidzwa kwemukati uye mitoro yekunze.
• Kutarisa pakugadzira: Kirasi ye "C" inotarisa pakutsungirira kwepombi, nepo kirasi ye "K" ichisimbisa dhizaini yechivakwa uye ukobvu, zvichipesvedzera kutsungirira kwedzvinyiriro uye kusimba kwemuviri pakurwisa masimba ekunze.
• Mashandisirwo: Kusarudzwa pakati pezvikamu zve "C" ne "K" zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveinjiniya, zvinodiwa zvekushandisa, uye mwero wemunharaunda kana wepurojekiti. Kirasi ye "K" inowanzo shandiswa muzvirevo zvekupa mvura kwakajairika. apo kirasi ye "C" inogona kutsanangurwa kana zvinodiwa zvekumanikidzwa zvakananga zviri chinhu chakakosha.

Kureba kwepombi (EN 545)

Mitemo yeEurope, yakaita seEN 545 (yemapaipi emvura) uye EN 598 (yekushandisa tsvina, tsanangura hurefu hwemapaipi esimbi akagadzirwa nesimbi seizvi:

• Kureba Kwakajairwa: MuEurope, kureba kwakajairwa kwemapaipi esimbi ane ductile kunowanzova mamita matanhatu (anenge 19.7 tsoka, uye kushivirira kunogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri.
• Kureba Kupfupi: Pamashandisirwo akakosha, kusanganisira zvigadziko uye kugadziriswa kwenzira yepombi, kureba kupfupi kunowanikwawo, kazhinji kunobva pamita imwe (anenge 3.3 tsoka) kusvika pamamita matatu (anenge 9.8 tsoka).