Unoziva here Ductile Iron Pipe Joints

Chikamu chakakosha cheductile simbi pombidhizaini uye mashandiro ayo ndiwo mhando yemajoini anoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu zvepombi imwe neimwe.Rudzi rwemajoini runokanganisa nyore kuiswa, kugona kutakura kufamba, uye zvakakosha, kusimba kwenguva refu kwepombi. Heano marudzi emajoini akajairika anoshandiswa nemapombi esimbi ane ductile:

MAJOINTI EKUSUNDIRA (TYTON):

• Tsananguro:Majoini e push-on, anozivikanwawo seTyton kana kuti slip joints, anosanganisira nzira iri nyore apo spigot (magumo emurume) epombi imwe inopinzwa mubhero (magumo emukadzi) eimwe nerabha gasket yakaiswa mubhero.
• Zvakanakira:Majoini aya anokurumidza uye ari nyore kubatanidza, haadi zvishandiso zvakakosha, uye anochinjika zvakakwana kuti agone kudzikamisa makona uye kufamba kwepasi.
• Mashandisirwo:Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumvura uye mumasisitimu emvura yakasviba uko kumanikidzwa kuri pakati nepakati kunotarisirwa

MAJOINI EMICHINI

• Tsananguro:Majoini emakanika ane gland, gasket, uye mabhaudhi nenzungu. Mugumo wepipi unokwana mubhero repombi inobatanidza, gasket ichigadzira chisimbiso uye gland ichidzvanya gasket kuburikidza nekusimbaradza mabhaudhi.
• Zvakanakira:Dzinochinjika pakurongeka uye dzakakodzera kushandiswa kana paine chikonzero chekudzibvisa. Dzinogonawo kugadzirisa kutsauka kudiki kwekona.
• Mashandisirwo:Yakakodzera masisitimu ekugovera mvura negasi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinogara dzichigadziriswa kana kugadziriswazve masisitimu.

MAJOINI AKAPFUURA

• Tsananguro:Majoini akapatsanurwa anoshandisa maflange akabatana nemagumo emapombi, akasungirirwa pamwe chete negasket pakati kuti ave nechokwadi chekutichisimbiso chakasimba.
• Zvakanakira:Dzinopa kubatana kwakasimba uye kwakachengeteka, dzinoita kuti zvive nyore kupatsanura, uye dzakakodzera kubatanidza pombi uye zvigadziko apo pombi inobatanidza nemidziyo.
• Mashandisirwo:Inowanzoshandiswa mumafekitori ekurapa, nzvimbo dzekupomba, uye zvikamu zvepaipi zvinoda kuongororwa kana kugadziriswa nguva nenguva.

MAJOINI AKAKWANA/AKABATANIDZWA

• Tsananguro:Rudzi urwu rwechibhakera runosanganisira kupinza kwakakombama pamigumo yepombi, uko kunoiswa chinobatanidza kuti mapaipi abatanidzwe. Gasket rerabha riri mukati mechinobatanidza rinoita kuti chivharo chivepo.
• Zvakanakira:Majoini ane mitsetse anobatsira kukurumidza kusangana nekupatsanura, kusununguka pakufamba, uye anogona kugamuchira kufamba kwakakombama uye kwakatwasuka.
• Mashandisirwo:Zvinowanzoshandiswa muzvidziviriro zvemoto, HVAC, uye mumaindasitiri uko kuchinjwa nyore nyore kwehurongwa hwemapaipi kuri chinhu chinodiwa.

MAGREYI EZVINHU

Mapaipi esimbi anowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemagiredhi, rimwe nerimwe rakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa nemashandisirwo aro. Magiredhi aya anotsanangurwa nemasangano emitemo, akadai seAmerican Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), International Organization for Standardization (lSO), uye European Committee for Standardization (EN).

Kusiyana kwemhando yezvinhu kunowanzo sanganisira kusiyana kwehunhu hwemakanika senge simba rekudhonza, simba rekugadzira, kureba, uye kuomarara, pamwe nekuumbwa kwemakemikari ekuwedzera hunhu hwakadai sekudzivirira ngura, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuramba kukanganiswa. Heano mamwe emhando dzezvinhu zvakajairika zvemapaipi esimbi ane ductile:

MAGREYI AKAJAIWA
Magiredhi eISO 2531/EN 545/EN 598

• EN-GJS-400-15 (1S0 2531/EN 545): Giredhi iyi inopa ductlity yakanaka kwazvo ine simba rekudhonza risingasviki 400 MPa uyeinowanzoshandiswa mumvura uye mumvura yakasviba.
• EN-GJS-450-10 (IS0 2531/EN 545): Nesimba rekudhonza rakakwirira re450 MPa, giredhi iri rinopa chiyero chakanaka pakati pesimba nekupfava, zvakakodzera kushandiswa pakumanikidzwa kwakakwirira.
• EN-GJS-500-7 (lS0 2531/EN 598): Rudzi urwu rwakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwetsvina, zvichipa simba rakawedzerwa uye kuramba kupfeka nesimba rekudhonza re500 MPa.
• EN-GJS-600-3 (1S0 2531/EN 598): Simba repamusoro rinowanzoshandiswa pamapombi esimbi ane ductile, ane simba rekudhonza risingasviki 600 MPa, rakakodzera kushandiswa mumagetsi akasimba uye mumaindasitiri.

ASTM A536 MAGREYI

• 60-40-18:Kufanana neEN-GJS-400-15, ine simba rekudhonza re414 MPa uye inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kudhonza uye kuramba kwayo kudonha.
• 65-45-12:Iyi arade inopa mwero wesimba uye ductility yakaenzana ne tensile strenath ye448 MPa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana.
• 80-55-06:Nesimba rekudhonza re552 MPa, giredhi iri rinoshandiswa panodiwa simba rakawanda uye ductility iri pakati nepakati.
• 100-70-03:Simba repamusoro muASTM A536, rinopa simba rekudhonza re689 MPa rine ductility yakaderera, rinoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvinoda simba rakawanda.

MAGREYI AKANYANYA

Vamwe vagadziri vanogadzira mapaipi esimbi akagadzirwa nesimbi dzakapfava mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzisinganyatsofukidzwi nehurongwa hwakajairwa asi dzakagadzirirwa kupa hunhu hwakavandudzwa hwemashandisirwo chaiwo, akadai se:

• Magiredhi ekudzivirira kukanganiswa kwakanyanya:Yakagadzirirwa nzvimbo dzinowanzo sangana nekudengenyeka kwenyika kana mapaipi ane mota dzakawanda
• Magiredhi anodzivirira ngura:Yakawedzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semhangura, nickel, kana chromium kuti ivandudzekuramba ngura.

MASARUDZO EGREYI RAKAKODZERA
Kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera zvemapaipi esimbi akagadzirwa nesimbi kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira rudzi rwemvura iri kutakurwa, kumanikidzwa kwekushanda, mamiriro ekunze, uye zvinodiwa zvepurojekiti chaiyo, mainjiniya anofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu izvi pamwe chete nehunhu hwezvinhu kuti vasarudze mhando yakakodzera inovimbisa kuvimbika, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kushanda kwehurongwa hwemapaipi.

KUGWARA KWEMAPIPI ECHISIMBISO CHEDUCTILE
Kuora inyaya inonyanya kukosha pamapaipi esimbi ane ductile iron, sezvo ichigona kukanganisa hupenyu hwawo, mashandiro awo, uye mhando yemvura yaanotakura. Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita ngura, mhedzisiro yayo, uye nzira dzekuderedza ngura kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemapaipi esimbi ane ductile iron.

Nzira dzeKuora

• Kuora kweGalvanic:Zvinoitika kana simbi ine ductile yakabatana nesimbi yakanaka (semuenzaniso, mhangura) paine electrolyte, zvichiita kuti simbi iparare nekukurumidza.
• Kuora kwemvura:Rudzi rwengura rwunowanikwa munzvimbo iyoyo runoita kuti pave nemakomba madiki pamusoro pepombi. Izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nekuvapo kwemachloride uye pH yakaderera mumvura.
• Kuora kunokonzerwa ne microbiological (MlC):Zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya akasiyana anogona kugadzira zvinhu zvinokuvadza, zvichiita kuti ngura iwedzere.
• Kuora kweGraphitic:Inosanganisira kuburitsa simbi kubva musimbi yakapfava, zvichisiya graphite matrix isina zvakawanda.kuvimbika kwechimiro.

Migumisiro yeKuora

• Kuderedzwa Kwehupenyu hwemapaipi: Kuora kunogona kupfupisa hupenyu hwemapaipi esimbi ane ductile zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka uye kudiwa kwekutsiviwa.
• Kuderera Kwehunhu hweMvura: Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nengura zvinogona kusvibisa mvura, zvichikanganisa kuravira kwayo, ruvara, uye kuchengetedzeka kwayo.
• Mari Yekugadzirisa Yakawedzerwa: Mapaipi ane ngura angada kugadziriswa kakawanda uye kugadziriswa, zvichiita kuti mari yekushandisa ikwires.

Maitiro Ekuderedza Kuora

• Kudzivirirwa kweCathodic:Nzira inosanganisira kubatanidza anode yekubikira papombi kana kushandisa simba remagetsi rakabatidzwa kudzivirira pombi kubva mukuora. Iyi nzira inodzosera basa rekuora kune anode, iyo inoora panzvimbo pepombi.
• Mapendi neLinings:Kuisa machira ekudzivirira kunze uye mukati memukati kunogona kudzivirira pombi kubva kuzvinhu zvinoparadza. Machira ezinc, semuenzaniso, anopa dziviriro yegalvanic, nepo machira e epoxy kana simende-mortar anodzivirira kusangana zvakananga pakati pemvura nemukati mepombi.
• Kudzora Kemikari yeMvura:Kugadzirisa huwandu hwepH uye kudzora huwandu hwemaion ane hukasha (senge machloride) mumvura kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwengura.
• Zvinodzivirira ngura:Kuwedzera mishonga inodzivirira ngura mumvura kunogona kugadzira firimu rekudzivirira pamusoro pepombi,kunonotsa maitiro ekuora
• Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvekugadzira:Kugadzira nzira yekuisa mapaipi emvura kuti mvura isamire zvakanaka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mvura haipindi zvakanaka, uye kudzivirira kusangana nesimbi dzakanaka kunogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yekuora.
• Kuongororwa Nekuchengetedzwa Kwenguva Dzose:kuita chirongwa chekuongorora nekugadzirisa nguva dzose kuti uone zviratidzo zvengura pakutanga uye zvigadziriswe nekukurumidza.

Kuisa jira nekuvhara mapaipi esimbi akagadzirwa nesimbi
Kuisa machira nejira rekuisa machira inzira dzakakosha dzekudzivirira mapaipi esimbi ane ductile, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwawo hwekushanda nekudzivirira ngura uye kuona kuti mvura inofambiswa inobuda. Kurapa uku hakungodziviriri chete mapaipi mukati nekunze kubva mukuora kwenzvimbo asiwo kunobatsira pakuvandudza mashandiro emvura uye kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa. Heino pfupiso yemachira akajairika nemajira anoshandiswa pamapaipi esimbi ane ductile:

Mipendero yemukati
Simende-Dura remukati

• Kushandiswa:Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugovera mvura inonwiwa nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo kwakanaka kubva mukuputika kwechubhu (kuunganidza kwezvicherwa) uye hunhu hwayo hwepH-neutral, hunodzivirira pombi kubva mumvura ine simba.
• Mabhenefiti:Inovandudza hunhu hwekufamba kwemvura, inoderedza mari yekushandisa simba, uye inoderedza kukura kwebhakitiriya.

Polyethylene (PE) Lining:

• Kushandiswa:Yakakodzera mapaipi anotakura makemikari anokasira, tsvina, uye mvura yakasviba.
• Mabhenefiti:Inopa simba rekudzivirira makemikari, ichidzivirira mukati mepombi kubva mukurwiswa nemakemikari.

Epoxy Lining:

• Kushandiswa: Inoshandiswa mumvura inonwiwa uye mumaindasitiri uko kunodiwa kuti mvura irambe ichiyerera zvakanaka uye kuti irambe yakatsetseka.
• Mabhenefiti:Inopa chidziviriro chakasimba, chisina musono, uye chinodzivirira ngura.

Mucheka wePolyurethane:

• Kushandiswa:Inoshanda munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinoparadza zvakanyanya, senge mumabasa e minina uye kushandiswa kwe sewaae
• Mabhenefiti:Inopa simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kukwesha uye kugara kwenguva refu, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara

Zvekunze zveCoatings
Kupfeka Zinc:

• Kushandiswa:Kuvhara kwakajairika kunodzivirira kunoiswa kunze kwemapombi esimbi ane ductile, kazhinji kacho kunoiswa pendi yekupedzisa yebituminous kana polymeric top coat kuti zvidzivirirwe zvakanyanya.
• Mabhenefiti:Inoshanda seanode yechibayiro, ichiora panzvimbo pesimbi (dziviriro yegalvanic) uye inowedzera hupenyu hwepombi zvakanyanya.

Kuvharirwa kwePolyethylene:

• Kushandiswa:Inowanzo shandiswa muvhu rine simba. Pombi iyi yakavharirwa mupurasitiki yakarembera inoshanda sechidziviriro pakati pepombi nevhu rakaipoteredza.
• Mabhenefiti:Inoshanda mukudzivirira ngura kubva mukurwiswa kwevhu, pamwe nekunaka kuri nyore uye kusingadhuri kuisa.

Kuputira Epoxy Yakasungirirwa neFusion:

• Kushandiswa:Kuputira kwekunze kunoshandiswa sehupfu hunonyunguduka uye hunobatana pamusoro pepombi, hunoshandiswa mumvura yekunwa uye mumasisitimu emvura yakasviba.
• Mabhenefiti:Inopa simba rakanaka rekudzivirira makemikari, kugara kwenguva refu, uye dziviriro kubva mukuora uye kuora kweUV.

Kupfeka kwePolyurethane:

• Kushandiswa:Inoshandisirwa dziviriro yekunze munzvimbo dzine ngura yakawanda nenzvimbo dzine UV yakawanda.
• Mabhenefiti: Inopa simba guru pakukanganiswa, kukweshwa, uye kusangana nemakemikari, ichichengetedza hunhu hwepombi nekufamba kwenguva.