MUSWEJI NDIHANA YEGUTA
-《Varombo, Vanenhamo》NaVictor Hugo
Kukandira inzira yekugadzira umo chinhu chemvura chinowanzodirwa muforoma, ine gomba rechimiro chaunoda, uye yozotenderwa kusimba. Iyo yakaomeswa chikamu inozivikanwawo sekukanda, iyo inoburitswa kana kuputswa kubva muforoma kuti ipedze kuita. Munhau yose, kugadzira simbi kwave kuchishandiswa kugadzira maturusi, zvombo, uye zvinhu zvechitendero. Metal casting nhoroondo uye budiriro inogona kurondwa kumashure kuSouthern Asia (China, India, Pakistan, etc) ine 7,000-year-old process. Chekare chakasara chikandwa datya remhangura kubva muna 3200 BC.
1300BC, Iyo Simuwu Rectangle Cauldron kuChina ine huremu 875kgs inoratidza mwero wepamusoro wehunyanzvi hwekukanda uye hunyanzvi. Inomiririra kubudirira kwepamusoro-soro kweShang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC).
800BC, Jade inobata bakatwa resimbi ndiyo yakatanga kuzivikanwa simbi yakakandwa muChina, inova chiratidzo chekupinda kweChina muIron Age.
Around 1400, pfuti-madhiramu uye mabara ndizvo zvekutanga simbi zvigadzirwa muEurope. Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzira yemadhiramu yaienderana nekugadzira loam nenzira yematemplate, yakatove yakagadzirirwa kukanda bhuronzi muMiddle Ages. Mushure meiyo loam yekugadzira tekinoroji yakashandiswa mukutanga kugadzirwa kweserial kwemabara, kushandiswa kwechigarire mold yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa yakabuda.
Pakati pezana remakore rechi15 zvinhu zvakadai sepombi dzemvura uye mabhero akabudiswa kubva mumatare akaumbwa. Mapombi emvura ekare ekare akaumbwa kubva muzana ramakore rechi 17 uye akaiswa kugovera mvura mumagadheni ose eChateau de Versailles 1664. Aya anosvika makiromita makumi matatu nemashanu epombi, kazhinji 1 m kureba nemajoini akachinjika. Zera rakanyanyisa remapombi aya rinoita kuti rive nekukosha kwenhoroondo.
Indasitiri yekuChina yepombi yesimbi yakatanga mukutanga kwema1990, nerutsigiro rwakasimba rweChina Urban Water Supply Association yakagadziridzwa nekukurumidza.
Nekuvandudzwa kwenharaunda nehupfumi, China ine mukurumbira sefekitori yenyika nhasi, uye mhando yezvigadzirwa zvakaitwa muChina yakavandudzwa zvakanyanya.
Mazuvano, mugadziri mukuru wepasi rose wekukasa iChina. Kuburitswa kwematani kwakasvika matani anopfuura 35.3 miriyoni muna 2019, iyo inodarika United States kwemakore mazhinji uye iri pekutanga pasirese. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kweChina kwegore negore kwasvika matani 2.233 miriyoni, uye misika huru yekutengesa kunze kwenyika iEurope, America, Japan nedzimwe nyika.Nekubatana kwehupfumi hwepasi rose uye kuwedzera kwekubatana kwepasi rose, kuitira kuti tisangane nemaitiro matsva enzvimbo yekugadzira yepasirese yekuendesa kuChina, tine zvinodiwa zvepamusoro uye zvepamusoro zvemhando uye giredhi rekukanda, kuvandudza chimiro chekugadzira zvigadzirwa, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi, kuwedzera simba nekuchengetedza nharaunda, kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kuwedzera simba uye kuenderera mberi. kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu.
